• br Conclusion br Acknowledgements br Introduction Synapses a

  2023-04-18

  

  Conclusion Acknowledgements Introduction Synapses are the fundamental elements of neuronal networks that enable the processing, encoding, and retrieval of information in the brain, and pathological disruptions in synapse structure are broadly held to underlie the development of neurological

• It is well known that neurosteroids

  2023-04-18

  

  It is well-known that neurosteroids such as testosterone and their metabolites endogenously modulate neural excitability in animals and humans. Testosterone has protective effects against seizures induced by KA and PTZ (Frye et al., 2001b; Reddy, 2004b). Estrogens, on the other hand, have proconvuls

• There are increasing repeated reports of amphotericin B resi

  2023-04-18

  

  There are increasing repeated reports of amphotericin B-resistance in pathogenic fungi including Candida spp. [35], [36]. Nolte et al. characterized some fluconazole and amphotericin B-resistant Candida albicans isolates from leukemia patients [37]. Fan-Havard et al. (1991) have shown multi-antifung

• We found that decreased Ng levels lead to a lower

  2023-04-17

  

  We found that decreased Ng levels lead to a lower threshold for LTD induction at L4–L2/3 synapses. Previous studies in hippocampal slice culture have shown that LTD at individual synapses induces spine elimination at both the targeted synapse and selective neighboring synapses when spines are monito

• br Pathophysiology of Alzheimer disease Alzheimer disease is

  2023-04-17

  

  Pathophysiology of Alzheimer disease Alzheimer disease is characterized by severe neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation, and progressive loss of cognitive abilities. The diagnostic criteria for dementia released by the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association define dementia as the deve

• br Materials and methods br Results

  2023-04-17

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion In the present study, we identified HBP1 as a novel substrate of AKT. This was demonstrated by in vitro phosphorylation assays and western blotting using phosphosite-specific antibodies. Three sites were identified by mass spectrometry and mutagenesi

• Pregnane X receptor PXR is a nuclear receptor

  2023-04-17

  

  Pregnane X receptor (PXR) is a nuclear receptor that plays an important role in regulation of metabolism and disposition of structurally diverse xenobiotics as well as endogenous steroids and bile acids (Bertilsson et al., 1998, Kliewer et al., 1998, Lehmann et al., 1998). PXR regulates the metaboli

• Given that there are substitutions between Anc

  2023-04-17

  

  Given that there are 132 substitutions between βAnc and the human β subunit, we wondered whether βAnc could replace the human β subunit in hybrid AChRs formed from ancestral and human subunits. We first confirmed that the β subunit is required for expression of human AChRs in HEK293 motilin receptor

• HT receptors are distributed throughout the brain within

  2023-04-17

  

  5-HT3 receptors are distributed throughout the brain, within the brainstem (e.g., nucleus tractus solitarius, area postrema and spinal trigeminal nucleus) and dopamine-2 receptor antagonist (e.g., hippocampus, amygdala, nucleus accumbens, putamen and caudate) (Abi-Dargham et al., 1993, Barnes et al

• br Material and methods br Results br Discussion Nimodipine

  2023-04-14

  

  Material and methods Results Discussion Nimodipine administration inhibited the level of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation, a sensor of cellular energy status that directs metabolic get more information to support cellular growth and survival. CCH influences the oxygen an

• The beneficial treatment with several statins have been eval

  2023-04-14

  

  The beneficial treatment with several statins have been evaluated in AD patients (Kivipelto et al., 2005), with controversial results. It has been suggested that statins slow cognitive decline in mild to moderate AD (Miida et al., 2005). Treatment with atorvastatin, combined with other medications,

• br Functions essentially consisting in transport

  2023-04-14

  

  Functions essentially consisting in transport of substrates across plasma membranes Direct activation of neurotransmitter transporters elicits responses in neurons As previously mentioned (Section 2.1), nerve terminals handling classical transmitters possess transporters able to (re)capture se

• It is also possible that adrenoceptor

  2023-04-14

  

  It is also possible that α2-adrenoceptor activation may inhibit glutamate accumulation by upregulating the glutamate-buffering activity of Müller mps1 through EAAT1 or adjusting EAAT2 in bipolar cells, as well as the NMDA receptor. Therefore, we investigated whether topical administration of brimon

• Previous work established interactions between CRF and KOR s

  2023-04-14

  

  Previous work established interactions between CRF and KOR systems in regulating attention (39). The CRF antagonist ANT attenuated, but did not completely reverse, the effects of PACAP (.5 µg) and did not have any effects on its own (Table 2). There were no significant differences in performance amo

• br Acknowledgments br Introduction Hypospadias is a

  2023-04-14

  

  Acknowledgments Introduction Hypospadias is a common congenital malformation in males, in which the urethral orifice is found on the ventral side of the penis as a result of incomplete fusion of urethral folds. The mean prevalence in per 10,000 live births from 1910 to 2013 were: Europe 19.9,

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